April 13, 2015 Class of Monday April 13, 2015 4U Chem Agenda: Homework: ·Read/make notes on pgs. 96 – 99 in the textbook ·Answer questions #1 – 11 on pg. 99 Addition: ·Addition – Involves alkenes/alkynes where atoms are added to double or triple bonds. ·To check if a reaction is an addition reaction, simply view the products and reactants. If the carbons in the products are bound to more atoms than in the reactants, then it is an addition reaction ·When an atom has the right to bond to more than one carbon, the carbon that has the most H’s attached to it in the reactants is the one who will most likely gain the H, while the other carbon will gain the other atom
Continued lesson on reactions, more specifically elimination and oxidation reactions
Elimination Reactions:
Reactions that involve eliminating atoms or groups of atoms, which results in the formation of a double bond.
Alcohols
Catalyst: H2SO4 and 100 C
OH and H come off of alcohol to form water, the alcohol is now a carbon chain with a double bond
Multiple answers, as it could form the double bond with the carbon on one side, or the other, as well as the cis/trans formation
Alkyl Halide with Hydroxide Ion
Halogen comes off, and becomes an ion. Hydroxide ion bonds with a hydrogen that comes off to form water. Carbon chain now has a double bond
Multiple answers as well
Oxidation Reaction:
electrons lost by the carbon atom
Oxidizing agents are used, and will be indicated by a change in colour
Dichromate -> Chromium
orange -> green
Permanganate->manganesse (IV) oxide
purple -> brown
Alkene
Catalyst: KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7
each carbon in the double bond gets an OH, forming a diol
Alcohols
Catalyst: KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7
Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid
Two H's leave (one from OH), and O is now double bonded to make an aldehyde.
O becomes bonded to remaining H, and is now a carboxylic acid
Secondary Alcohol -> Ketone
Two H's leave (one from OH), and O is now double bonded to make a ketone.
Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid
Qualitative test is used to determine if it is an aldehyde, or ketone (ketones can not be oxidized)
Oxidizing Agents
KMnO4
purple in ketone, purple to brown in aldehyde
K2Cr2O7
orange in ketone, orange to green in aldehyde
Homework:
research Fehling's and Tollen's test
pg 102 12-18
pg 113 43-46
Tomorrow is an ISP!
We went over and took notes on Condensation & Hydrolysis reactions.
Condensation Reactions:
The process of linking two molecules together into a larger molecule through the removal of water (H2O).
Water (H2O) is is formed from a a different molecule from each of the two reactants in the reaction. One molecule will provide the "H" and the other will provide the "OH". These two ions will then combine to form the water molecule.
Alcohols:
With another Alcohol:
Catalyst: H2SO4 + 140 C
Products: Ether + Water
An "OH" from the first alcohol will combine with an "H" ion from the second alcohol to create an Ether product as well as a water molecule.
With a Carboxylic Acid: This is also called an "Esterfication Reaction"
Catalyst: H2SO4 + Heat
Products: Ester + Water
Specific condensation reaction where the "OH" ion from the carboxylic acid combines with the "H" ion from the alcohol to create an Ester and water molecule. (*Esters are responsible for the scents and odors that we smell)
Amines:
With Carboxylic Acid: (Only 1' and 2' alcohols can be used)
Catalyst: H2SO4 + Heat
Products: Amide + Water
The "OH" ion is once again taken from the carboxylic acid and the "H" ion is taken from the primary or secondary alcohol to form an Amide and water molecule.
Hydrolysis Reactions:
This process is essentially the opposite of condensation reactions.
This is the splitting of a large molecule into smaller molecules through the addition of water.
Esters:
Reversible:
With water
Catalyst: H2SO4 + Heat
Products: Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid
Ensure that the arrow shows that the reaction is reversible by having an arrow pointing from the reactants to products and vice versa.
What is a condensation polymer and how is it formed?
Polymer cross-linking
Be able to put monomers together to form a polymer and identify the monomer given the polymer
Pg. 120#13, 15-18, Pg. 121 #53-62, pg. 127#1-6
We have an ISP on Monday, April 27.
The homework can be found on the wiki. Please read Tuesday's lab procedure (handout is on the door of the class in a folder) and create an observation table. WEAR PANTS FOR THE LAB!
April 13, 2015
Class of Monday April 13, 2015 4U Chem
Agenda:
Homework:
· Read/make notes on pgs. 96 – 99 in the textbook
· Answer questions #1 – 11 on pg. 99
Addition:
· Addition – Involves alkenes/alkynes where atoms are added to double or triple bonds.
· To check if a reaction is an addition reaction, simply view the products and reactants. If the carbons in the products are bound to more atoms than in the reactants, then it is an addition reaction
· When an atom has the right to bond to more than one carbon, the carbon that has the most H’s attached to it in the reactants is the one who will most likely gain the H, while the other carbon will gain the other atom
Helpful Links:
http://www.masterorganicchemistry.com/2011/10/03/introduction-to-addition-reactions/
https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/addene1.htm
___
Kirishani Kesavan
April 16th, 2015
Class Work:
Continued lesson on reactions, more specifically elimination and oxidation reactionsElimination Reactions:
Reactions that involve eliminating atoms or groups of atoms, which results in the formation of a double bond.
Alcohols
Catalyst: H2SO4 and 100 COH and H come off of alcohol to form water, the alcohol is now a carbon chain with a double bond
Alkyl Halide with Hydroxide Ion
Halogen comes off, and becomes an ion. Hydroxide ion bonds with a hydrogen that comes off to form water. Carbon chain now has a double bondOxidation Reaction:
electrons lost by the carbon atomOxidizing agents are used, and will be indicated by a change in colour
Dichromate -> Chromium
orange -> green
Permanganate->manganesse (IV) oxide
purple -> brown
Alkene
Catalyst: KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7each carbon in the double bond gets an OH, forming a diol
Alcohols
Catalyst: KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid
Two H's leave (one from OH), and O is now double bonded to make an aldehyde.
O becomes bonded to remaining H, and is now a carboxylic acid
Secondary Alcohol -> Ketone
Two H's leave (one from OH), and O is now double bonded to make a ketone.
Aldehyde -> Carboxylic Acid
Qualitative test is used to determine if it is an aldehyde, or ketone (ketones can not be oxidized)Oxidizing Agents
KMnO4
purple in ketone, purple to brown in aldehyde
K2Cr2O7
orange in ketone, orange to green in aldehyde
Homework:
research Fehling's and Tollen's testpg 102 12-18
pg 113 43-46
Tomorrow is an ISP!
Helpful Links
Tollen's Test
Fehling's Test
Andrew Vyravipillai
Independent Study Period (ISP) - April 17, 2015.
Homework:
-research Fehling and Tollen's Test
-read pg. 109 on Oxidation Reactions
-pg.102 # 12 - 18 (elimination reactions)
-pg. 113 # 43-46 (oxidation reactions)
Resources:
http://www.utdallas.edu/~scortes/ochem/OChem1_Lecture/Class_Materials/17_redox_states_carbon.pdfhttp://www.docbrown.info/page13/ChemicalTests/ChemicalTestsf.htm
Matthew Tam
April 20, 2015
Class Work:
We went over and took notes on Condensation & Hydrolysis reactions.
Condensation Reactions:
Alcohols:
Amines:
Hydrolysis Reactions:
Esters:
Amides:
Homework:
Pages 105-108, question #33-42Extra Resources:
Defining Condensation & Hydrolysis ReactionsOrganic Reaction Example: Condensation
Organic Reaction Example: Hydrolysis
Matthew Tam
April 21, 2015
Class Work:
Independent Study Period (ISP)
Homework:
Organic Reactions Worksheet ReviewOrganic Reactions Quiz on Friday April 24th
Extra Resources:
Organic Reaction Summary (Part 1)Organic Reaction Summary (Part 2)
Extra Problems
Melissa Chan
April 24, 2015
Do the following work on polymers:
We have an ISP on Monday, April 27.
The homework can be found on the wiki. Please read Tuesday's lab procedure (handout is on the door of the class in a folder) and create an observation table. WEAR PANTS FOR THE LAB!
Resources:
Polymers - Crash Course Chemistry
Polymers (includes types of polymers)